[FACIL] [facil] Open Standards in the Digital Age

[Florence Piron]

Un livre intéressant.

*Open Standards in the Digital Age*

http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-american-history/open-standards-and-digital-age-history-ideology-and-networks

Introduction: 
http://www.cambridgeblog.org/2014/05/into-the-intro-open-standards-in-the-digital-age/

How did openness become a foundational value for the networks of the 
twenty-first century? Open Standards and the Digital Age answers this 
question through an interdisciplinary history of information networks 
that pays close attention to the politics of standardization. For much 
of the twentieth century, information networks such as the monopoly Bell 
System and the American military’s Arpanet were closed systems subject 
to centralized control. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, engineers in 
the United States and Europe experimented with design strategies to 
create new digital networks. In the process, they embraced discourses of 
“openness” to describe their ideological commitments to 
entrepreneurship, technological innovation, and participatory democracy. 
The rhetoric of openness has flourished - for example, in movements for 
open government, open source software, and open access publishing - but 
such rhetoric also obscures the ways the Internet and other “open” 
systems still depend heavily on hierarchical forms of control.

  * Offers a rigorous, original, and critical interpretation of the
    origins of the Internet and the information age
  * Provides the first history of American communication and information
    technology to focus on standardization, with a clear description of
    where standards come from and how they are a central element of
    American political economy and global business
  * Includes historical analysis that brings a fresh perspective to
    policy debates over the globalization of Internet governance


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